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Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It can be caused by a variety of infections, including bacterial, viral, and fungal. While meningitis is serious and can lead to death or disability, early diagnosis and prompt treatment can significantly improve a patient’s chances of recovery.
Causes
According to Healthline – Meningitis is most commonly caused by a bacterial or viral infection. Bacterial meningitis is usually more severe and can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Viral meningitis is usually caused by enteroviruses, such as the coxsackievirus, and is usually less severe than bacterial meningitis. Fungal meningitis is rare, but can occur in people with weakened immune systems.
Symptoms
According to Healthline – the symptoms of meningitis vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Common symptoms include fever, headache, stiff neck, confusion, and sensitivity to light. Other symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, a rash, and seizures.
Diagnosis
According to Healthline – Meningitis is typically diagnosed through a physical exam, blood tests, and a lumbar puncture. During a lumbar puncture, a doctor inserts a needle into the lower back to collect a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. The CSF is examined for signs of infection, such as an increased white blood cell count.
Prevention
According to Healthline – vaccines are available for some types of meningitis, such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis. Vaccination is especially important for people at high risk of meningitis, such as those with weakened immune systems, infants, and young children. Additionally, good hygiene is important in preventing the spread of meningitis.
Treatment
According to Healthline – treatment for meningitis depends on the cause and severity of the infection. Bacterial meningitis is usually treated with antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone or penicillin. Viral meningitis is usually treated with supportive care, such as pain medications, fluids, and rest. Fungal meningitis may require antifungal medications. In some cases, corticosteroids may be used to reduce inflammation.
Meningitis is a serious condition that can be life-threatening if left untreated. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential for a favorable outcome. Vaccines are available to help prevent some types of meningitis, and good hygiene can help prevent the spread of the infection.
